Assessing governance issues of urban utility tunnels
نویسندگان
چکیده
منابع مشابه
Urban Governance and Rapid Urbanization Issues in Malaysia
The foundation of the present modern urban system in Malaysia was laid during British colonialism (1786-1957). During the colonial era, basic infrastructure such as transportation and utilities were built to support commercial, financial, social and administrative functions to further exploit the resources (e.g. tin and rubber) in the country. After Independence in 1957, the rate of urbanizatio...
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urban facilities are necessary components of cities. in all grown and developed cities of the world there are tremendous network of facilities such as water and electric ties, water sewage drainage, water piping and gas piping. that has not been installed in proper depth underground and locations and with growing of the cities and consumption of population. they need to be replaced by excavatin...
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A utility tunnel is defined as an underground structure containing one or more utilities, permitting the installation, maintenance and removal of the systems without the necessity of making street cuts or excavations. These underground facilities contain all essential utilities serving large urban areas collected together in a tunnel; therefore they are an inviting target for sabotage or vandal...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology
سال: 2013
ISSN: 0886-7798
DOI: 10.1016/j.tust.2012.08.007